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Ransome Victory Plough
Ransome Victory Plough (American spelling "plow") is a type of single-share mouldboard plough commonly used throughout Southern Africa. Introduced into much of Southern Africa in the mid-1920s via European farmers and missionaries, it was quickly adopted over earlier, heavier models that required multiple spans (teams) of oxen. The Ransome Victory's relatively light weight allowed it to be pulled by a single span of oxen, allowing more smallholder farmers who owned fewer cattle to utilize the technology.〔Rowland, J.R.J. Dryland Farming in Africa. AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands: Technical Centre Form Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). 1993.〕〔Kenneth Powers Vickery, Black and White in southern Zambia (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1986).〕
The Ransome Victory Plough's most recognizable feature is the vertically adjustable pivot wheel in front of the ploughshare (as opposed to a cutting knife or wheel). This pivot wheel, combined with an offset tension bar to which the chain from the yoke is connected, causes the forward motion of oxen to force the blade into the soil. However, the tension bar is typically far weaker than the main plough beam, and is likely the first part of the plough to break. The difficulty of accessing spare parts causes many farmers to simply chain the oxen to the front of the beam, after which the ploughman must use his own strength to keep the plowshare in the soil. Another notable feature is the relatively short mouldboard, which lessens the amount of draft force necessary to pull the plow.
== History ==
Introduction of the Ransome Victory and its subsequent widespread adoption led to the rapid expansion of agriculture, particularly in the semi-arid regions of Southern Africa.〔Rowland, J.R.J. Dryland Farming in Africa. AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands: Technical Centre Form Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). 1993.〕〔Kenneth Powers Vickery, Black and White in southern Zambia (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1986).〕 For example, in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), the use of the R.V. plough on the Tonga Plateau allowed for a vast expansion in the cultivation of maize by African farmers in the region.〔James McCann, Maize and grace: Africa's encounter with a New World crop, 1500-2000 (Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005).〕 This expansion was in large part due to the ability to cultivate exponentially greater amounts of land utilizing the plough, as compared to hand cultivation. The success of maize agriculture was to such an extent that the region eventually gained the moniker "The Breadbasket of Zambia.".〔Lisa Cliggett, “Social Components of Migration: Experiences from Southern Province, Zambia,” Human Organization 59, no. 1 (2000): 125-135.〕
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